Sambir cemetary
Sambir is an administrative centre forthe Lviv region, or Raion, located 73 kilometers from the city of Lviv.
Founded
in 1199, Sambir has a rich Jewish history. The
first mention of Jews living in Sambir dates back to 1447. Over
the years, conflicts between Christian and Jewish merchants arose. This led toroyal decrees in the mid-fifteen
hundreds restrictingJews from trading or living within the city.
As a result, the Jews settled outside the city … in an area called Blich, or Bleich in Yiddish. The name comes from the
craft of bleaching fabrics.
The community thrived. Because the Jewish merchants
were more industrious and resourceful than their Christiancounterparts, they controlled commerce in Sambir.
In 1629 there were almost 2000 Jews living in the
Blich quarter. In 1732 they were granted permission to build a synagogue and
create a cemetery.
By 1910, the town had a Jewish library, school and
theater. In 1920s, around 80% of the town's population were Jews, 18%
Ukrainians, and 2% Poles.
On September 8th 1939 the German army attacked Sambir, plundering Jewish property and assaulting Jewish
workers. Less than two weeks later, Sambir was taken over by the Red Army. The
Soviets began nationalizing private businesses … by
1941, few privately owned shops remained. Many wealthy and middle class Jews were sentto Siberia.
In June 1941 the Nazis returned to Sambir. They
ordered Jews to wear the
Star of David, ransacked Jewish
homes, and confiscated their valuables. Over the next two years, they sent housands of Jews to Belzec extermination camp.
In Sambir, they further underscored their inhumanity. The Nazis carried out mass killings of the Jews who escaped
deportation on sacred Jewish
holidays: … Pesah, Yom Kippur, Shavuot. On
the first day of Passover in 1943, more than twelve
hundred Jews were shot and
dumped in mass graves.
In 1939, Sambir’s Jews numbered ten thousand. By 1944,
barely 100 were left.
The Soviets continued where the Nazis left off. In 1972 authorities ordered the bulldozing of Jewish
cemetaries in western Ukraine. Hundreds of gravestones in Sambir were uprooted.
Many were used as foundation blocks for a new candy
factory.
After Ukraine became independent, advanced communications and
international pressure slowed downthe desecration.
In the late 1990s, theJewish cemetery in Sambir was surrounded with a stone wall, and renovations
began. In 2001, Jack Gardnerof Victoria, BC, founded a memorialin the old Jewish cemetery. Mr. Gardner was a Holocaust survivors and a native of
Sambir. He died in 2003.
Other Canadians are
playing a significant role in the restoration of Jewish sacred sites in Ukraine.
They are also working toimprove relations between the Ukrainian and Jewish people … which for centuries outside forces have been trying to poison.
Unfortunately, their legacy lingers. During WWII, the Nazis also killed a number of Ukrainians at the Sambir
Jewish cemetery. Recently, huge crosses were
placed in the cemetery. … by former communists now posing as Ukrainian
nationalists. This has aggravated the ongoing dispute with local
authorities, and halted restorations financed by the late Jack Gardner. Jews
consider the imposing crosses disrespectful of the non-Christians buried in
their cemetary. But authorities still refuse to have them removed,
even at the specific request of Ukrainian Catholic hierarchs in Ukraine and
Canada.
For the past five years, Canada’s Ukrainian and Jewishcommunities have been
supporting the work ofMeylakh Sheyket, known as the
guardian of Jewish cemeteries. Meylakh is also director of the Jewish Heritage Museum herein Lviv.
Our museum is dedicated to preserving what is left of
Ukraine’s rich Jewish heritage and intercultural influence, so that we can
share this amazing treasure with the world.